Everything about Emile Roux totally explained
Pierre Paul Emile Roux (b.
December 17,
1853,
Confolens (
Charente),
France, d.
November 3,
1933,
Paris) was a French
physician,
bacteriologist and
immunologist who was one of the closest collaborators of
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a co-founder of the
Pasteur Institute and discoverer of the anti-
diphtheria serum, the first effective therapy for this disease.
Roux got his
baccalaureate in sciences in 1871 and started his studies in 1872 at the
Medical School of Clermont-Ferrand. He worked initially as a student assistant in
Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences, under
Emile Duclaux. From 1874 to 1878 he continued his studies in Paris and was admitted as clinical assistant at
Hôtel-Dieu. Between 1874 and 1877 Roux received a fellowship for the Military School at
Val-de-Grâce, but quitted it after failing to present his dissertation in due time. In 1878 he started to work as an assistant to the course on fermentation given by his patron Duclaux at the Sorbonne University and was recommended by him to Louis Pasteur, who was looking for assistants. He was accepted and joined Pasteur’s laboratory as a research assistant from 1878 to 1883 at the
École Normale Supérieure in Paris, engaging his research on the microbiological causation of diseases. In this capacity, he works with Pasteur in
avian cholera (1879-1880) and
anthrax (1879-1890) and was involved in the famous experiment of anthrax
vaccination of animals at
Pouilly-le-Fort. In 1883, he presented a doctoral dissertation in medicine titled
Des Nouvelles Acquisitions sur la Rage, where he describes his research on
rabies with Pasteur since 1881, which led to the development of the first vaccination against this fearsome disease. Roux was now recognized as an expert in the nascent sciences of medical microbiology and immunology. With other Pasteur’s assistants (
Edmond Nocard,
Louis Thuillier and Straus) Roux traveled in 1883 to
Egypt to study a human
cholera outbreak there, but they were unable to find the
pathogen for the disease, which was later discovered in
Alexandria by the
German physician
Robert Koch (1843-1910).
In 1883 and in the following 40 years, Emile Roux became closely involved with the creation of what was to be the
Pasteur Institute, and shared his time between biomedical research and administrative duties. In 1888, an important year in his life career, he accepted the position of Director of Services, joined the Editorial Board of the
Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, and established the first regular course on microbiological technique, which would become extremely influential in the training of many important French and foreign researchers and physicians in
infectious diseases. In the same year, he published with
Alexandre Yersin (1863-1943) the first of his classical works on the causation of
diphtheria by the
Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, then an extremely prevalent and lethal disease, particularly among children. He studied its toxin and its properties, and began in 1891 to develop an effective serum to treat the disease, following the demonstration, by
Emil Adolf von Behring (1854-1917) and
Shibasaburo Kitasato (1852-1931) that
antibodies against the diphtheric toxin could be produced in animals. He demonstrated successfully this antitoxin with
Auguste Chaillou, in a study with 300 diseased children in the
Hôpital des Enfantes-Malades and was henceforth hailed as a scientific hero in medical congresses throughout Europe.
In the following years, Roux dedicated himself indefatigably to many investigations on the microbiology and practical immunology of
tetanus,
tuberculosis,
syphilis, and
pneumonia. In 1904 he was nominated to the Pasteur’s former position as General Director of the Pasteur Institute. In 1916 he moved to a small apartment in the
Pasteur Hospital, where he died on November 3, 1933.
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